Chloride passivation of SnO2 defects lifts carbon-based perovskite solar cell efficiency to 15.13%

Researchers at Nanjing Tech University have developed a potassium chloride (KCl)-modified tin oxide (SnO 2 ) electron transport layer (ETL) that suppresses interfacial defects and improves crystallization in carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The modification, introduced during a low-temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD) process, raised the champion device's power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 15.13%, a 7.22% improvement over an unmodified reference device, while also improving lo