From the Classroom to the Courtyard: How 10 Brazilian Universities Rethink the Learning Space

In 1961, when conceiving the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo , in São Paulo , Vilanova Artigas and Carlos Cascaldi established a paradigm that continues to resonate throughout Brazilian university architecture : the building as a continuous territory, articulated by ramps, courtyards, and open spans, where the experience of learning extends beyond the classroom . The idea emerged at a moment of transformation in Brazilian higher education, which, over the fo